A discharge is not automatic and the court must determine that it is in the best interests of the accused without harming the public interest before granting a discharge. A discharge can be unconditional or conditional. A person who is granted a discharge is deemed not to have been convicted and therefore has no criminal record.

It is essential to properly present your situation to the court in order to benefit from a discharge and a lawyer is able to advise and represent you. A criminal record is likely to have harmful consequences in several areas of your life.

A criminal record resulting from a criminal conviction makes finding employment much more difficult. Furthermore, a criminal record may constitute an obstacle to staying employed. A person may be dismissed when the offense is related to their work.

A criminal record can also limit an individual’s ability to travel to another country as well as to insure their residence and vehicle.  A landlord can also refuse to rent accommodation to a person who has a criminal record and this is not a ground of discrimination recognized by law.

Here are some examples of offenses for which it is possible to obtain a discharge:

• Assault
• Assault with a weapon
• Uttering threats
• Voyeurism
• Publication of an intimate image without consent
• Indecent acts
• Causing disturbance
• Trespassing at night
• Causing bodily harm by criminal negligence
• Criminal harassment
• Assaulting a peace officer
• Sexual assault
• Dangerous operation
• Failure to stop after an accident
• Theft
• Drug possession

Quebec has tightened its rules regarding impaired driving. Since November 25, 2019, a driver guilty of a second offense of impaired driving will be subject to an ignition interlock device for life. The second conviction must occur within a period of 10 years from the first offense. The amendment, which results from changes made to the Highway Safety Code in 2018, comes in time for the holiday season and the annual awareness campaign against impaired driving of the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ) . Previously, the imposition of an alcohol ignition interlock device was done after the third offense, or from the first offense in the event of aggravating factors, such as a very high blood alcohol level or refusal to comply with the police. If the ignition interlock will now be imposed for life after a repeat offense, it will be possible for a driver to contact the Court of Quebec after 10 years to have the obligation lifted, unless they are a repeat offender.

Sanctions:
For these two situations, the road safety code provides for immediate measures which are: an immediate suspension of the driving license for a period of 90 days, 30 days of seizure of the vehicle and a risk assessment.
In the event that a person is found guilty of this offense, the criminal code provides for a minimum penalty of $2,000.00 fine, a criminal record and a 1-year driving ban for a first offense. Added to this are the sanctions provided for in the Highway Safety Code which include: a revocation of the driving license for 3 years (concurrent with the 1 year ban provided for in the criminal code) with the possibility of driving a vehicle equipped with an alcohol ignition interlock device, then an evaluation of the maintenance of acquired skills or a complete evaluation.

Following the 3-year revocation period and successful completion of the assessment, there is a 2-year period during which the use of an alcohol ignition interlock device is mandatory. There will therefore be a total period of 5 years during which the use of an alcohol ignition interlock device will be compulsory.

Votre Défense Avocats

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430

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A peace officer who has in his possession an approved screening device may, in the lawful exercise of his powers, order the person operating a motor vehicle to immediately provide the breath samples that the police officer peace considers necessary.
On the other hand, if a peace officer has reasonable grounds to suspect the presence of alcohol in the body of a person who has driven in the previous 3 hours, the Criminal Code provides that he may order him to immediately blow into an ADA.

Commits an offense who, without reasonable excuse, knowing that the order to provide a breath sample has been given, fails or refuses to comply without delay with a given order.

Refusal or failure to comply with an order to provide a breath sample in an approved breathalyzer

A peace officer who has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has driven a means of transportation while their ability to drive was impaired to any degree by the effect of alcohol or that they have, in two hours following the moment when they stopped driving a means of transport, a blood alcohol level equal to or greater than eighty milligrams of alcohol per hundred milliliters of blood may, provided he does so as soon as possible, order them to provide breath samples that, in the opinion of a qualified technician, are necessary for proper analysis using an approved breathalyzer. The peace officer can also order the person to follow him so that blood or breath samples can be taken.
Commits an offense who, without reasonable excuse, knowing that the order to provide a breath sample has been given, fails or refuses to comply without delay with a given order.

Sanctions:
For these two situations, the Highway Safety Code provides for immediate measures which are: an immediate suspension of the driving license for a period of 90 days, 30 days of seizure of the vehicle and a risk assessment.
In the event that a person is found guilty of this offense, the criminal code provides for a minimum penalty of a $2,000.00 fine, a criminal record and a 1-year driving ban for a first offense. Added to this, are the sanctions provided for in the Highway Safety Code which include: a revocation of the driving license for 3 years (concurrent with the 1 year ban provided for in the criminal code) with the possibility of driving a vehicle equipped with an alcohol ignition interlock device, then a risk assessment.

Following the 3-year revocation period and successful completion of the risk assessment, there is a 2-year period during which the use of an alcohol ignition interlock device is mandatory. There will therefore be a total period of 5 years during which the use of an alcohol ignition interlock device will be compulsory.

Votre Défense  / Your Defense

Avocats / Lawyers

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

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U.S. Const. Art. III
Section 1.
The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts
as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior
courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services,
a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
In Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada is the court of last resort. A nine-judge panel hears
appeals from the Federal Court of Appeal and courts of appeal sitting in the ten provinces and the
territories. The Federal Court of Appeal hears appeal from decisions of the Federal court whereas
provincial courts of appeal hear appeal from provincial trial courts. In the United States, the federal
court system comprises the Supreme Court, United States court of appeals, and United States district
courts. The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort as to decisions of United
States court of appeals. 28 U.S.C. § 1254. Like in Canada, a nine-judge panel presides over
hearings before the United States’ Supreme Court. State supreme courts’ decisions may also be
appealed to the United States’ Supreme Court if the question presented to the Court involves a
federal “ground” (e.g. United States Constitution; federal statutes or treaties). 28 U.S.C. § 1257.
Appeal is a statutory right. The short of the matter is: No right of appeal exists, but as
provided by statute. A statute may provide a right of appeal either as of right or upon permission.
Appeals to the Supreme Court of Canada are upon permission or leave to appeal, except that an
appeal as of right exists in criminal cases if a judge of a court of appeal dissents on an issue of law.
Par. 691 (1) a) Criminal Code. This is a departure from standard practice before the Court.
An appeal as of right lies in a final decision of a United States’ district court. 28 U.S.C. §
1291. A limited category of interlocutory decisions may be appealed as of right (e.g. interlocutory
injunction order; order as to receiverships). 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (a). If a district court states in writing
that an interlocutory order “involves a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial
ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal from the order may materially
advance the ultimate termination of the litigation”, a United States’ court of appeal may in its
discretion to hear the appeal. 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (a). An appeal to the United States’ Supreme Court
is by way of a writ of certiorari (upon permission), unless the Court has original and/or exclusive

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jurisdiction over a case or controversy. 28 U.S.C. § 1251.
The first step when confronted with an adverse ruling (final or interlocutory) of a trial court
is to verify whether a statute provides a right of appeal. Below is a limited list of Canadian and
American federal statutes providing a right of appeal:
Canada
• Supreme Court Act R.S.C. 1985 c. S-26 (ss. 35-41)
• Federal Court Act R.S.C. 1985 c. F-7 (s. 27).
• Criminal Code R.S.C. 1985 c. C-46 (ss. 686 and 691)
• Sections 29-32 Code de procédure civile de la province de Québec L.R.Q. c. C-25
(jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal for Québec).
United States
• United States Supreme Court – 28 USC §§ 1251-1254.
• United States Court of Appeals – 18 USC § 3731; 28 USC §§ 1291-1292.
In Canada, a statute conferring a right of appeal may also specify the scope of appellate
intervention vested a court of appeal. Sec. 686 of the Criminal Code is a good illustration; it reads
in relevant part:
Powers of the Court of Appeal
686 (1) On the hearing of an appeal against a conviction or against a verdict that the appellant is unfit to
stand trial or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, the court of appeal
(a) may allow the appeal where it is of the opinion that
(i) the verdict should be set aside on the ground that it is unreasonable or cannot be supported by the
evidence,
(ii) the judgment of the trial court should be set aside on the ground of a wrong decision on a question of
law, or
(iii) on any ground there was a miscarriage of justice;
(b) may dismiss the appeal where
(i) the court is of the opinion that the appellant, although he was not properly convicted on a count or part
of the indictment, was properly convicted on another count or part of the indictment,

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(ii) the appeal is not decided in favour of the appellant on any ground mentioned in paragraph (a),
(iii) notwithstanding that the court is of the opinion that on any ground mentioned in subparagraph (a)(ii)
the appeal might be decided in favour of the appellant, it is of the opinion that no substantial wrong or
miscarriage of justice has occurred, or
(iv) notwithstanding any procedural irregularity at trial, the trial court had jurisdiction over the class of
offence of which the appellant was convicted and the court of appeal is of the opinion that the appellant
suffered no prejudice thereby;
(c) may refuse to allow the appeal where it is of the opinion that the trial court arrived at a wrong
conclusion respecting the effect of a special verdict, may order the conclusion to be recorded that appears
to the court to be required by the verdict and may pass a sentence that is warranted in law in substitution
for the sentence passed by the trial court; or
(d) may set aside a conviction and find the appellant unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible on
account of mental disorder and may exercise any of the powers of the trial court conferred by or referred
to in section 672.45 in any manner deemed appropriate to the court of appeal in the circumstances.
(e) [Repealed, 1991, c. 43, s. 9]
(2) Where a court of appeal allows an appeal under paragraph (1)(a), it shall quash the conviction and
(a) direct a judgment or verdict of acquittal to be entered; or
(b) order a new trial
(3) Where a court of appeal dismisses an appeal under subparagraph (1)(b)(i), it may substitute the verdict
that in its opinion should have been found and
(a) affirm the sentence passed by the trial court; or
(b) impose a sentence that is warranted in law or remit the matter to the trial court and direct the trial court
to impose a sentence that is warranted in law.
(4) If an appeal is from an acquittal or verdict that the appellant or respondent was unfit to stand trial or
not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, the court of appeal may
(a) dismiss the appeal; or
(b) allow the appeal, set aside the verdict and
(i) order a new trial, or
(ii) except where the verdict is that of a court composed of a judge and jury, enter a verdict of guilty with
respect to the offence of which, in its opinion, the accused should have been found guilty but for the error
in law, and pass a sentence that is warranted in law, or remit the matter to the trial court and direct the trial
court to impose a sentence that is warranted in law.

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Likewise, in the United States, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52 (a) (6) outlines, though
less comprehensively than above, the scope of review of United States courts of appeals in civil
matters:
Rule 52 – Findings and Conclusions by the Court; Judgment on Partial Findings
(a) Findings and Conclusions.
(6) Setting Aside the Findings. Findings of fact, whether based on oral or other evidence, must not be set
aside unless clearly erroneous, and the reviewing court must give due regard to the trial court’s
opportunity to judge the witnesses’ credibility.
Once established that a statutory provision provides a right of appeal, then move on to step
number two: standard of review.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
As mentioned previously, there is a clear distinction between a trial and an appeal: “[W]hile
the primary role of trial courts is to resolve individual disputes based on the facts before them and
settled law, the primary role of appellate courts is to delineate and refine legal rules and ensure their
universal application.” Housen v. Nikolaisen, [2002] 2 S.C.R. 235 ¶ 9 (Iacobucci and Major JJ.).
Moreover, “appellate courts are not in a favourable position to assess and determine factual matters.
Appellate court judges are restricted to reviewing written transcripts of testimony. As well, appeals
are unsuited to reviewing voluminous amounts of evidence. Finally, appeals are telescopic in nature,
focusing narrowly on particular issues as opposed to viewing the case as a whole.” [underline
omitted] id. ¶ 14.
A standard of review determines the scope of appellate intervention. There are two standards
of review on appeal: (1) “standard of correctness” (Canada) – de novo (United States); (2) “palpable
and overriding error” (Canada) – “clear error” (United States). The correctness or de novo standard
applies to error of law; the overriding and palpable error or clear error standard applies to a factual
finding.
A. Review under correctness or de novo standard
In Canada, the Supreme Court defined error of law: “Where, for instance, an error with
respect to a finding of negligence can be attributed to the application of an incorrect standard, a
failure to consider a required element of a legal test, or similar error in principle, such an error can
be characterized as an error of law, subject to a standard of correctness”. Housen ¶ 36. Thus, a trial

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judge commits error of law when he or she: (1) assesses the evidence using a wrong legal standard
(or gives erroneous directions to the jury as to applicable law); or (2) identify the appropriate legal
standard but fails to apply it in assessing the evidence. Error of law also occurs should the “trial
judge forgot, ignored or misapprehended the evidence”. Housen ¶ 46. Moreover, in Canada, a trial
judge sitting in a court of criminal jurisdiction commits error of law if he or she provides insufficient
reasons. Insufficient reasoning becomes error of law if “ an appellate court [considers] itself unable
to exercise appellate review in a meaningful way.” R. v. Sheppard, [2002] 1 S.C.R. 869 ¶ 28 (Binnie
J.).
A legal standard is a rule of “universal application”, Housen ¶ 9, enunciated by a court of
appeal or the court of last resort (Supreme court). In other words, it is a precedent or “rule of law”.
The rule of law is meant to guarantee equal treatment under the law. Sriskandarajah v. United States
of America, [2012] 3 S.C.R. 609 ¶ 18 (Karakatsanis J.) (“The rule of precedent, or stare decisis,
promotes predictability, reduces arbitrariness, and enhances fairness, by treating like cases alike.”)
[italics omited]. See also Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137; 2 L.2d 60; 1803 LEXIS 352 *** 48; 1
Cranch. 137 (“The government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of
laws, and not of men.It will certainly cease to deserve this high appellation, if the laws furnish no
remedy for the violation of a vested right.”
For example, in Canada par. 186 (1) (b) of the Criminal Code specifically provides that an
application for wiretapping must be supported inter alia by evidence “that other investigative
procedures have been tried and have failed; other investigative procedures are unlikely to succeed”.
In R. v. Araujo, [2000] 2 S.C.R. 992 (Lebel J.) the Supreme Court of Canada held that the so-called
“neccessity requirement” in par. 186 (1) (b) means that the application must state and establish that
there are “no other reasonable alternative method of investigation” left to the police to investigate
a crime, but wiretapping. Araujo ¶ 29.
The rule enunciated by the Supreme Court in Araujo is binding upon all courts of criminal
jurisdiction in Canada. Consequently, if a judge sitting in a court of criminal jurisdiction fails to
review a wiretapping application, pursuant to sec. 186, under the “no other alternative method of
investigation” standard , or “[h]aving stated the test … demonstrably fail[s] to apply it”, R. v. Barros,
[2011] 3 S.C.R. 368 (Binnie J.) ¶ 63, he or she commits error of law. A legal standard is binding

-7-
stare decisis; it is final if pronounced by the Supreme Court of Canada or the Supreme Court of the
United States. However, in both Canada and the United States a precedent may be reconsidered, but
only “if there are compelling reasons to do so.” Sriskandarajah ¶ 19 (citing R. v. Henry, 2005 SCC
76, [2005] 3 S.C.R. 609, at para. 44.). Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc v. PSKS, Inc., 551
U.S. 877, 900 (2007) (Kennedy, J.) (“[T]he boundaries of of the doctrine of per se illegality should
not be immovable.”) [italics in original] (holding vertical price restraint no longer subject to per se
rule of illegality under Section 1 of the Sherman Act).
An appeal court has “broad scope of review with respect to matters of law”. Housen ¶ 9.
When it comes to error of law, “an appellate court is free to replace the opinion of the trial judge
with its own.” Housen ¶ 8. In other words, if a court of appeal comes to the conclusion that a trial
court committed error of law, it owes an inferior court no deference; it must declare that an error of
law has been committed, intervene de novo, and state the correct legal standard that the trial court
should have applied. Courts of appeal intervene mainly on errors of law, consistent with their prime
function “to delineate and refine legal rules and ensure their universal application.” Housen ¶ 9.
B. Review under palpable and overriding error or clear error
A different standard of review governs an appeal on a finding of fact. An erroneous finding
of fact relates to evidence adduced at trial: Witness testimony; inference drawn from facts; forensic
evidence; or documents. “[W]here the issue on appeal involves the trial judge’s interpretation of the
evidence as a whole, it should not be overturned absent palpable and overriding error.” Housen ¶
36. In the United States, a “clearly erroneous” finding of fact warrants appellate intervention.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52 (a) (6). A palpable factual error “is plainly seen”, Housen ¶ 6;
it is an error discernible ex facie. A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if upon review of “the entire
evidence”, an appellate panel has a “ definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed.” Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 573 (1985) (White J.) quoting United States
v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948).
Keep in mind a very important principle: A court of appeal “is not to decide factual issues
de novo.” 470 U.S. at 573 (quoting Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 395 U.S. 100,
123 (1969)). A panel of appellate judges must defer to a trial judge’s decision, “[i]f the district
court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety” despite “it

-8-
would have weighed the evidence differently.” 470 U.S. at 574. Since error of law is subject to a
correctness or de novo standard of review, it represents the best avenue for redress on appeal.
C. Harmless Error
One last important point. A court of appeal may decide a question presented in favor of an
appellant, yet dismiss the appeal. This occurs when despite a trial court’s decision is tainted with
error, it is harmless — so-called “harmless error”. Sub-par. 686 (1) (b) (iii) of the Criminal Code
states that a court of appeal may dismiss an appeal if “of the opinion that … the appeal might be
decided in favour of the appellant, [but] it is of the opinion that no substantial miscarriage of justice
has occurred”. In the United States, federal law (28 U.S.C. § 2111) also contains a provision on
harmless error:
Harmless error
On the hearing of any appeal or writ of certiorari in any case, the court shall give judgment after an
examination of the record without regard to errors or defects which do not affect the substantial rights of
the parties.
An error is harmless if “there is any reasonable possibility that the verdict would have been
different had the error at issue not been made.” R. v. Charlebois, [2000] 2 S.C.R. 674 ¶ 11
(Bastarache J.) citing R. v. Brooks, [2000] 1 S.C.R. 237. Usually, a trial court commits an harmless
error when admitting or excluding evidence as a result of an error of fact or an error of law. If the
admission or exclusion of the impugned evidence had no incidence on the outcome of the trial
court’s decision (or jury verdict), then it is harmless.
However, error of law in a criminal proceeding is always harmful if the trial court applies
the wrong legal standard to the offense as charged. Such an error of law entails harm perse “because
the verdict is founded on legal error.” Babos ¶ 76. The same is true if an error of law pertains to the
applicable legal standard governing a claim upon which plaintiff seeks relief in a civil action. In
both instances, the Court will grant the appeal, the trial judge having assess the evidence at trial
under the wrong lens, with the result that in incurable injustice unfolded. The law was not applied,
simply.

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IV. CHECK LIST
An attorney pondering whether to appeal a trial court’s decision should ask:
1. Whether a statutory provision provides a right of appeal. If so, is the statute providing a right
of appeal as of right or upon permission?
2. Whether the statute providing a right of appeal also gives direction as to the scope of
appellate intervention.
3. Whether to appeal raising error of law (which is subject to a correctness or de novo standard
of review) or error on a finding of fact (which is subject to a palpable and overriding error
or clear error standard of review). If the trial court committed error of law, this avenue
should be pursued.
4. Is the error committed by the trial court harmless?
CONCLUSION
Appellate advocacy is a law practice unto itself. Distinct from trial litigation in style and
substance, appellate litigation requires particular writing and analytical skills. The legal debate on
appeal takes place before a panel of judges hearing oral representations on legal rather than factual
issues. This is why a seasoned trial practitioner should not assume that he or she has the proper
professional background to handle an appeal. The participation of counsel at trial is essential for
preparing an appeal; however, it is preferable to let an appellate counsel write the appellate brief and
make oral representations before a court of appeal.

• 1 You have blown between 80 mg and 159 ml per 100 ml of blood
• 2 You have blown up 160 mg of alcohol / 100 ml of blood
• You have refused to blow or omit to obey.

Call ours Lawyers  at 514-990-3430 to find out more about how to pass this summary evaluation.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Warning!!! Contrary to what many people think, the Criminal Code does not only prohibit driving while under the influence of alcohol and / or drugs, but also by having possession and control of them.

Here are some situations where the consequences are the same as for driving while impaired:

• Be seated in the driver’s seat while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, in possession of the keys, even if the vehicle is not functioning;
• To be in his vehicle – even asleep in the back seat – and to be able to put it into operation (have the keys in his possession).

In each similar situation, the police officer will assess the possibility and the intent of the person. In the majority of cases, you will be charged with having possession and control of your vehicle while impaired by alcohol and / or drugs and it will be up to you to defend yourself in court to be acquitted of the charges against you.

You are in this situation?  Call us now at (514) 990-3430 with no further delay to find out about your rights.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

These two issues will overlap throughout the process and it is important to understand this in order to minimize the impact your arrest will have on your driving under the influence charges. 

As soon as a person is arrested for impaired driving, his driver’s license is automatically suspended for 90 days and his vehicle seized for 30 days, in most cases.

It is important to know that it is possible to obtain a review of this suspension of your driver’s license, in some cases. 

If you are in this situation, call us now to receive the best advice for managing this situation.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

You must apply to obtain a cannabis license under the Excise Act, 2001 in the following situations:

• You grow it (you grow cannabis products)
• You make the production (you produce cannabis products)
• You make the packaging (you pack cannabis products)

You do not have to apply for a license if one of the following situations applies:

• You are an individual and produce cannabis products in Canada for your personal use in accordance with the Cannabis Act
• You are an individual and produce cannabis products in Canada under the Cannabis for Personal Medical Purposes Act
• You are an individual, you produce cannabis products in Canada and you are a designated person authorized to produce cannabis products in Canada for the medical purposes of another individual, in accordance with the Cannabis Act
• You are a producer of industrial hemp and produce by-products of industrial hemp

Please note that even if you have a license from Health Canada, you must apply for a cannabis license with the CRA for medical and non-medical (recreational) purposes.

If you pack cannabis products, you must also register for the cannabis product-stamping scheme before selling any packaged cannabis products.

You need legal advice in your actions call us without delay, it will be our pleasure to accompany you.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

On September 3rd, 2019, the Superior Court of Quebec struck down sections 5 and 10 of the provincial cannabis law. Section 5 of the Act prohibited the possession of a cannabis plant while section 10 prohibited the cultivation of cannabis for personal use.

The Court considers that Quebec cannot modify the criminal law that is under federal jurisdiction to prohibit the production of the plant that is now legal in Canada. Quebec’s jurisdiction of healthcare cannot therefore be invoked to prohibit the production of cannabis for personal use.

The invalidation of the two Quebec articles ensures that the federal law will apply until the Québec government proposes new legal restrictions or challenges the decision of the Superior Court. The legal regime thus becomes that of Canadian law that allows the production of up to four (4) cannabis plants for the personal consumption of an adult.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Service hours
Monday – Friday : 9h00–17h00
Emergencies : 24/7

An individual may be convicted of dangerous driving if he drives a motor vehicle in a manner that is dangerous to the public depending on the circumstances. The driving must be objectively dangerous, that is to say, one must analyze the risks created and not the actual consequences of the driving. However, the penalties for this type of offense vary according to the circumstances and the injuries inflicted. For example, an accused may be granted an absolution as well as imprisonment for up to 14 years in prison.

In order to be convicted, the Crown must prove that the alleged acts constitute a marked departure from the reasonable person in the same situation as the accused. Personal circumstances such as age, experience or educational level are not considered in the assessment of the behavior in relation to this reasonable person. The level of responsibility is therefore more severe than the civil fault (which only requires a simple inattention) but is less strict than criminal negligence (which requires a significant departure with the reasonable person).

It is important to distinguish the criminal infraction of dangerous driving from the one we found in the Highway Safety Code. In fact, if a defendant receives a statement of offense for dangerous driving, namely section 327 of the CSR, there is no distinction to prove from a reasonable person. The simple action likely to cause injury or damage is enough to be convicted. In criminal law, the law requires an additional step, a form of negligence on the part of the accused.

Our lawyers have the expertise to advise you on the best options for your case. Different defenses may apply depending on your case to obtain an acquittal or the best possible sentence depending on the circumstances of your case. Our clients  have the advantage of being able to obtain the desired results during negotiations, such as an absolute discharge.

Call us immediately at 514 990-3430 to begin this important procedure !

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Service hours
Monday – Friday : 9h00–17h00
Emergencies : 24/7

If you are summoned by the Commission des transports du Québec for verification of your behavior as an owner or operator of heavy vehicles or as a driver of heavy vehicles, we can help you.

Our lawyers specialized in the field will be able to offer you the necessary preparation for the hearing before the Commission des transports du Québec. Also, they will assist you to make representations to the commissioner in charge of the study of your file. This assistance from our lawyers will maximize your chances of maintaining a “satisfactory” level of security and maintaining your privilege to drive heavy vehicles.

We know that these hearings are important because they allow you to practice your profession. Do not wait until it’s too late, contact us.

 Your Defence / Solution Ticket

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Service hours
Monday – Friday : 9h00–17h00
Emergencies : 24/7

•  an acquittal or a stay of proceedings;
• -an undertaking under section 810 of the Criminal Code;
• a charge dismissed or withdrawn;
•  conditional or unconditional discharge;
• Non-judicial file.

Certain deadlines must be respected depending on your situation.

Our lawyers will put a definitive end to your legal concerns in these particular cases.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Service hours
Monday – Friday : 9h00–17h00
Emergencies : 24/7

All requests for the recovery of court documents are completed by our lawyers specializing in the field.

Call us immediately at 514-990-3430 !

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Following an arrest for impaired driving with alcohol and / or drugs, the SAAQ may require your participation in the Program to assess and reduce the risk of impaired driving (PERRC).

Two forms of assessments may then be required.

1. The risk assessment: 

The risk assessment, also known as a summary assessment, lasts only a few hours to determine that you are not at risk of re-offending. Generally, this type of evaluation is required:

-after a guilty plea or conviction for impaired driving with alcohol and / or drugs where the alcohol level is under the double of the statutory rate, which is below 160 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood;

– However, if you have been arrested for refusing to blow into the approved detection device or the breathalyzer or have breathed more than 160 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood, wich is the double the legal limit, the SAAQ will require that you pass this evaluation before the end of the administrative suspension of 3 months following your arrest in order to regain your regular driver’s license (ie without breathalyzer).

This assessment is usually conducted in an addiction center, by a psychologist or social worker, and is primarily based on American psychological questionnaires that assess a person’s risk of re-offending at driving while impaired. This assessment may seem easy and straightforward, but a large proportion of candidates fail because they are not adequately prepared for the type of questions asked and do not fully understand the objectives actually being addressed. In order to pass this assessment, it is necessary to prepare well with one of our lawyers before presenting yourself at your appointment.

1. The comprehensive assessment

The comprehensive assessment or complete assessment lasts from 7 to 9 months and aims to set up a coaching plan to establish goals and change your alcohol-related behavior. There are 3 mandatory meetings and several questionnaires to complete at home regarding your consumption habits. In addition, you will be asked to read several texts on the effects of alcohol and you will have to comment them.

This assessment is usually required when a person fails the summary assessment to recover his regular driver’s license, which was confiscated by the court following a conviction for impaired driving. It may also be required of a person who has been intercepted for refusing to breathe in the breathalyzer or who has breathed more than twice the legal limit, which is more than 160 mg of alcohol in 100 ml of blood.

Given the very nature of this evaluation, which is a follow-up with the evaluator, some candidates will pass the evaluation without being guided through the process. However, the complexity of the SAAQ programs and the consequences on your driver’s license being important if you fail this assessment, it may be helpful to consult one of our lawyers to help you answer the different questionnaires required, structure properly your answers before sending them to the evaluator and avoid a lot of administrative delays before you get your regular license.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

See also:  How to prepare to SAAQ summary assessment

Since December 2014, the government, through Bill C-36 – Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act has decriminalized the act, but has criminalized the purchase of this service. 

This follows a ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada that gave the government a one-year delay in bringing forward legislative amendments that would ensure greater security for sex workers. 

New Features of the Bill on Prostitution

• Under section 286.1 of the Criminal Code, it is forbidden, in any place, to obtain sexual services for remuneration or to communicate for that purpose.

• Under section 286.4 of the Criminal Code, it is prohibited to knowingly engage in advertising for the purpose of offering sexual services for compensation.

• Under section 286.2 of the Criminal Code, it is prohibited to obtain a material benefit, including pecuniary, that originates or was obtained from the commission of the offense relating to the purchase of sexual services.

• Under section 286.3 of the Criminal Code, it is forbidden to induce a person to offer or render sexual services for remuneration or, in order, to facilitate the offense of obtaining sexual services for remuneration, to recruit, detain, hide or harbour a person who offers or renders sexual services for remuneration, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of such a person.

In all cases, persons who offer their own sexual services for a fee have immunity from prosecution for the commission of these offenses, when the only benefit comes from the sale of their own sexual services.

Controversy Related to the Bill on Prostitution

This bill is not unanimous, some experts and pressure groups representing sex workers already plan to ask for amendments considering that this bill will push sex workers to the street. 

If you face charges related to prostitution. Contact us without delay at 514-990-3430.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

If a judgment has been rendered against you and you are not satisfied with the judge’s decision (whether in terms of the guilty verdict or the pronounced sentence), it is possible to appeal the conviction or sentence. 

However, your notice of appeal must be filed with the court within 30 days of the decision.

In certain special circumstances, this delay may, however, be extended with permission of a judge. 

ATTENTION: For penal files, if a judgment has been rendered by default against you, and it was done so without the possibility of asserting your defense, you may submit a motion for revocation of judgment if you can demonstrate that you have been diligent. 

In this case, the delay is 15 days from the knowledge of the judgment rendered against you. 

Reasons for Appealing a Judgement ?

An appeal is allowed when new evidence that could have changed the course of the case is discovered after the judgement is rendered or if an error of law occurred during the trial. 

Other possibilities such as misinterpretation of the facts or improper application of the law may also open the door for an appeal review. 

And if the appeal period  is exceeded ?

If the deadline for the notice of appeal is not met, the decision will be final and the consequences will beimposed, unless an extension of time is granted you. Contact us for more information on the possibility of an extension of time if the period of appealing has expired.

What To Do To Appeal a Judgement ? 

If you are in this situation and are wondering about the possibility of obtaining a review of your judgment on appeal, please contact us at 514-990-3430 and one of our lawyers will be pleased to answer all your questions during a meeting. 

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Section 264 of the Criminal Code 

What is Criminal Harassment?

According to the Criminal Code, criminal harassment is acting towards someone or saying something to someone in such a way that they feel harassed or frightened for their safety or that of their acquaintances. 

Following or attempting to contact a person repeatedly, even through another person, may constitute criminal harassment. However, depending on the gravity of the act, it may be sufficient for just one such gesture to bring an accusation against you. 

Penalties Related to Criminal Harassment 

If you are found guilty of such an offense you could face up to a maximum of 10 years of imprisonment. 

How to Defend Yourself Against a Charge of Criminal Harassment? 

Different defenses may apply depending on your case in order to obtain an acquittal. Our clients  have the advantage of being able to obtain the desired results during negotiations, such as an absolute discharge. 

Call us at 514-990-3430 to receive relevant advice on your situation.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Charges under the Youth Criminal Justice Act

Youth Criminal Justice Act (S.C. 2002, c. 1)

Extrajudicial Sanctions 

In order to consider the young age of offenders and in a spirit of social reintegration, the Youth Criminal Justice Act favours warnings and extrajudicial measures when they are sufficient to make young offenders answer for their actions and when the conditions for their application are met. 

Following receipt of the file, the crown prosecutor may, before the appearance or during the proceedings before the court, transfer the file to a youth representative. The latter will decide whether or not the young person is eligible for extrajudicial sanctions. Different sanctions may be requested, such as: donations to a charity, community service, a letter of apology and etc. 

Once the sanctions imposed have been successfully completed, the charges will be dismissed.

Comparison with the Adult Justice System !

The Youth Criminal Justice System is based on a lower moral culprit than the adult justice system and advocates rehabilitation, reintegration, as well as strengthening the social values of young offenders. 

This is why parents must be informed of the proceedings brought and be present at the Court during the different stages. Despite these differences, adolescents enjoy rights and freedoms similar to those granted to adults such as the right to silence, the right to legal representation and the right to be heard. Adolescents are also subject to the Identification of Criminals Act.

Defenses Against a Charge under the YCJA

Although the consequences of a conviction in a youth court are generally less onerous than those for adult convictions, the result can still be a criminal record and sometimes-coercive measures. 

This can have repercussions for the teenager, now an adult, who commits a criminal offense since the youth charges remain in the police information systems. In some serious cases, the young person may be condemned to an adult sentence. These records are then deemed to be convictions for the purposes of the Criminal Records Act. 

Do not let your future be tainted; it is important to be accompanied by a competent lawyer who will put your interests and rights in the front line. 

Our criminal lawyers will be there for you through this process and help you find the right solution for your situation. Call us at 514-990-3430.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Your criminal record includes the criminal offenses for which you have been convicted. It is important to know that your criminal record is public and that it can have a significant impact on different aspects of your life. For this reason, you should, as soon as you are eligible to do so, obtain the suspension of your criminal record, commonly known as a “request for pardon”.

Although the suspension of your criminal record allows you to definitely turn the page on your past, it also allows you to improve your life quality. Whether it’s for traveling, applying for a new job, reducing your insurance costs, working abroad or to hold certain volunteer position, the suspension of your criminal record is a major asset in the new life course you wish to start.

Ours Criminal Lawyers are specializes in criminal record suspension. This will prevent errors from slipping into your application. Our team will accompany you throughout the process and will ensure effective follow-up so you can get the peace of mind you deserve as quickly as possible !

Call Us For More Details : 514-990-3430

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Mischief is provided for in section 430 of the Criminal Code. 

What is Mischief?

According to the Criminal Code, a person who destroys, deteriorates or renders something dangerous may be accused of mischief.  

Additionally, a person who prevents another person from using his property may also be prosecuted for mischief. 

Penalties for Mischief :

If you are convicted of such an offense, you could face a life sentence in prison. It should be noted that the value of the property in question would influence the sentence. 

How to Defend Against a Charge of Mischief? 

If you are accused of mischief, please contact us so that we can evaluate, as a part of our first meeting, your chances and strategies for a defense. 

Indeed, it is possible to invoke the defense of legal justification or excuse and color of right. There are several factors that can influence your case and our lawyers can help you. Contact us immediately at 514-990-3430!

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

What is Theft?

Theft is provided for in section 322 of the Criminal Code. 

According to the Criminal Code, it is the act of taking a thing in which one has no rights, with the intention of depriving the person who has an interest in that thing. 

Penalties for Shoplifting

If you are convicted of this offense, you could face up to 10 years in prison, if the value of the stolen object is greater than $5 000. 

If the value is less than $5 000, the maximum term of imprisonment is 2 years. 

It should be noted that it is mainly the value of the stolen property that will influence the sentence. 

What is Robbery? 

It is said that a robbery is qualified if a person uses force or threatens to use it when the theft is committed. 

Penalties for Robbery

If you are convicted of such a charge, you could face life imprisonment and it is important to mention that this offense cannot give rise to a suspended prison sentence. 

It should also be noted that if a weapon was used during the offense, the penalty would be more severe. 

What is possession of stolen goods?

Finally, a person will be charged with possession of stolen goods if he has in his possession a property that was illegally obtained. 

Penalties for Possession of Stolen Goods 

If you are found guilty of this infraction, you could face a jail sentence of up to 10 years. 

Defenses for Theft, Robbery and Possession of Stolen Goods

It should be noted that well represented and depending on the circumstances, an absolute discharge could be possible, as well as an acquittal. 

Each case is different, our lawyers will evaluate in detail, starting from the very first meeting, your chances and the strategies for your defense. 

Contact us immediately at 514-990-3430 to begin the process of your defense.

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Fraud is provided for in section 380 of the Criminal Code. 

What is Fraud?

According to the Criminal Code, a person who uses lies or deceit to fabricate a false document or to perform a service could be accused of fraud. It is, in other words, to expose, by dishonest means, a person to a risk of an economic harm. 

Penalties for Fraud

If you are convicted of such an offense, you could face up to 14 years of imprisonment. 

However, it should be noted that in cases where the fraud exceeds of the value of one million dollars, the law requires a minimum sentence of 2 years.

Each case is unique and the sentence varies according to the circumstances and the amount of the fraud. 

How to Defend Yourself Against a Charge of Fraud? 

If you are accused of fraud, contact us so that we can evaluate, in our first meeting, your chances and strategies for your defense. There are several factors that can influence your case and our lawyers can help you. 

Contact us without delay at 514-990-3430!

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Section 320.14 of the Criminal Code 

In the event of an infraction, the driver’s license is immediately suspended for 90 days.

Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol vs. Impaired Capacities

Many people believe that impaired driving while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs and driving with a blood alcohol level above the legal limit of 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood constitute the same offense. 

Thus, a person may have a blood alcohol level higher than the legal limit without necessarily having symptoms of driving a vehicle with impaired capacities and vice versa. 

Charge for Impaired Driving 

A offense of impaired driving due to the effect of alcohol or a drug may result from a combination of symptoms such as: erratic driving, unexplained accident, strong odour of alcohol, difficulties in speech, loss of balance, incoherent words, red and glassy eyes. These are simply some examples. Since each case is different and deserves special attention, it is possible that the police may retain other symptoms. 

Since December 18^th, 2018, new rules governing driving while impaired by alcohol, drugs or both, have come into force. 

Now, the police no longer need to have reasonable grounds to suspect that the person they intercepted LEGALLY has alcohol or drugs, including cannabis, in their system to demand that they provide a breath sample or require them to undergo movement coordination tests.

In order for a police officer to put a person under arrest for impaired driving, he must have acquired reasonable grounds to believe that the person committed the offense. If this is the case, the person will be arrested and taken to the police station to provide a breath sample for analysis with an approved breathalyser.  

A refusal to comply with these orders continues to be a CRIMINAL OFFENSE and has serious consequences. 

Penalties: Drinking and Driving and Impaired Driving 

Bill C-46 has increased certain minimum fines and maximum penalties.

If you are found guilty of one of these two offenses, you could face: 

– For a first summary offense:

A fine of $1 000 if your blood alcohol level is less than 120 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; 

A minimum fine of $2 500 if your blood alcohol level is equal to or greater than 120 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood but less than 160 mg; 

A $2 000 fine if your blood alcohol level is equal to 160 mg or more;

– For a second offense:

Minimum imprisonment of thirty (30) days;

– For each subsequent offense, imprisonment for one hundred and twenty (120) days. 

Also, you will be prohibited from driving a motor vehicle in Canada for a minimum period of one (1) year. 

In all cases, pleading guilty to one of these offenses or being convicted after a trial will result in a criminal record. 

However, since December 18^th, 2018, under Bill C-46, the period of absolute suspension for the right to obtain a restricted driver’s license in order to drive a vehicle equipped with an alcohol ignition interlock device is no longer three months. It is now left to the discretion of the Court. 

In addition, the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ) will impose administrative penalties on you. For example: an immediate suspension of your driver’s license for a period of 90 days starting from the moment of your arrest. 

In addition, if you are found guilty while your blood alcohol level at the time of your driving exceeds 160 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood, your license will be suspended for a period of 3 years. 

Defense against an Offense of Drinking while Driving 

Nevertheless, there are many defenses to these serious accusations and the lawyers  are specialized in finding the right solution for your situation. 

Call us at 514-990-3430!

Votre Défense / Your Defence

229-3221, autoroute Laval O.
Laval (QC) H7P 5P2
514-990-3430
450-934-3414

www.VotreDefense.com
info@votredefense.com

Following criminal charges for impaired driving, Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec (SAAQ) will automatically suspend your license for a period of 90 days. During this suspension, it is possible that they requires you to submit to a summary assessment to evaluate the risk of recurrence.

Failure to submit this assessment or to fail when completing it, your drivers’s licence suspension will automatically be extended. Failing a Summary Assessment In case the summary assessment is not favorable, you must pass a second assessment : Comprehensive assessment of the risk of recurrence.

It carries serious financial consequences and can also cause an extension of the suspension in place.

How to Prepare to SAAQ Summary Assessment

Don’t wait to fail your summary assessment! Call our experimented lawyers at MC2 Avocats / Lawyers so we can adequately prepare you for the assessment. With such a preparation, you will avoid so much worries and bad consequences.

How to Appeal a Failed Summary Assessment.

If you failed your Summary Assessment, you have a very short delay to appeal of the decision.

Contact us promptly at 514 990-3430  so we can start the process right away.

Sections 264.1 to 269 of the Criminal Code

What is an Assault ?

If a person uses or attempts to use force against another person who has not consented, they could be charged with assault under the Criminal Code. The penalty will be different depending on the severity of the person’s injury and the circumstances. For example, an assault committed with a weapon will result in a harsher sentence than an assault coming from a slap or a punch.

Simple Assault, Section 265 of Criminal Code

An assault is defined as simple when the victim has no mark on their body.

If you are convicted of a simple assault, you could face up to 5 years in prison.

Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm, Section 276 of the Criminal Code

There is also another category of assault, which is called assault with a weapon or assault causing bodily harm.

It should also be noted that any object could be considered a weapon.

It must also be understood that a bodily injury can be a minor injury and of a very short duration. However, this injury must be detrimental to the well being of the victim. For example, having a broken leg will be considered a lesion. If you are convicted of such an offense, you could face up to a maximum of 10 years of imprisonment.

Aggravated Assault, Section 268 of the Criminal Code

There is also the aggravated assault. To qualify as such, the victim must have suffered injuries that have mutilated, disfigured or endangered his/her life. The injuries of the victim will be very serious.

If you are found guilty of this offense, you could face up to a maximum of 14 years in prison.

Defense against a Charge of Assault

Our lawyers have the expertise to advise you on the best options to take on your case.

Different defenses may apply depending on your case in order to obtain an acquittal. Our clients at MC2 Lawyers Inc. have the advantage of being able to achieve the desired results during the negotiations, such as an absolute discharge if the conditions permit.

Call us at 514 990-3430 to receive enlightening advice about your situation.

(For cannabis, you must now refer to the Cannabis Act)

Sections 4 and 5 of Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

Under this law, possession of narcotics is illegal, except with a validly obtained prescription. It is also illegal to sell narcotics.

It is important to know that the penalties are very different depending on the substance and the quantity seized.

Penalties for Possession of Narcotics

If you are found guilty of such an offense, you could face up to a maximum of 7 years in prison.

What To Do In The Case of a Charge For Possession of Narcotics?

It should be noted that there are certain defenses for this type of offense, it is important that a good lawyer takes the time to properly evaluate your case.

Depending on the circumstances of your case, you could get an absolute discharge or even an acquittal.

It is therefore important to count on the help and expertise of our lawyers. From the moment of your first meeting, we will help you evaluate all aspects of your cause.

Contact MC2 Lawyers Inc. at 514 990-3430 now to put all the odds on your side.

In the event of a violation, the driver’s license is immediately suspended for 90 days (starting from the time of your arrest).

Entry into force: October 17th, 2018

Following the legalization of cannabis by the Government of Canada, the Quebec National Assembly passed the Cannabis Act and amended various provisions relating to road safety. This law introduces, most notably, a zero tolerance policy for driving while under the influence of drugs, which prohibits driving while there is a detectable presence of cannabis (THC) or another drug in the saliva.

Bill C-46 has adopted the following measures:

If a police officer suspects that you have used drugs, he can ask you to submit to a movement coordination test. These tests are enough for him to put you under arrest and request a blood test.

If there is failure of the coordination test, in addition to your license being suspended for 90 days, you will be fined $300 to $600 (which will be doubled if it is a repeated offense).

As with drinking and driving, in addition to the on-the-spot sanctions listed above, other penalties will apply if you are convicted under the Criminal Code for an offense of a driving while under the influence of drugs. The new law also provides for other measures, such as prohibiting the use of drugs (cannabis or otherwise) in a road vehicle, an off-road vehicle or a bicycle.

For more informations, call us at 514 990-3430

Total cost of a first offence: A minimum of $1,750.00, in addition to the following numerous inconveniences and variable expenses:

• Criminal record
• Lawyer fees
• Increased personal automobile insurance premiums

Following criminal charges for drinking and driving, the Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec(SAAQ) will automatically suspend your driver’s licenses for 90 days.

After this suspension, you may be required to undergo a summary risk assessment to re-obtain your driver’s license during the Court proceedings. 

Failure to attend this assessment or a non-favourable outcome will automatically result in an extension of the suspension being applied to your driver’s license. This period can range anywhere between 9 to 18 months.

Receiving a Non-Favourable Summary Assessment Outcome :

In the event that the summary assessment is not favourable, you will have to pass a second assessment: the comprehensive assessment of the risk of re-offending. This has serious financial consequences and may lead to an extension of the suspension already in place.

How to Prepare for the SAAQ Summary Assessment :

Do not wait to fail your summary assessment ! Contact an experienced MC2 Lawyers Inc. to prepare you for this assessment. 

With such preparations, you will avoid many worries.

Appealing a Non-Favourable Summary Assessment :

In the event of a non-favourable result to your summary assessment, you have a short delay to appeal this decision.

Quickly contact an experience lawyer at 514 990-3430 to validate whether you are eligible for such a procedure and if so, to begin the necessary steps.